SOP

Standard Operating Procedure: How to Train Your Dragon

JUST KIDDING! :D! How to create water marble nail art

Materials: cup, bottled water, nail polish (preferably more than one color), orange stick, scotch tape, determination

1. Fill the cup about 3/4 full with the bottled water. The water MUST be filtered, so no tap water.

2. Tear off 2 5cm pieces of tape. Tape one piece around your finger on the skin just below the bottom of your nail. Tape the second piece on top of your finger so that the skin on the sides of the nail are covered.

3. Open the nail polish and drop a single drop of nail polish into the water at a time. If using more than one color of nail polish, it may be preferable to alternate the drops. More techniques come with more practice.

4. Once the desired amount of drops are in the water (for the first time try between 2-4 drops, no more than 5), use the pencil-like end of the orange stick and drag the nail polish along the surface of the water. Different designs can be made with more practice.

5. Once the desired design is drawn, take the finger with the tape on it and dip it into the water nail bed first. Leave the finger in the water.

6. Use the orange stick to skim the surface of the water around your finger to pick up any excess nail polish from the water.

7. Remove your finger and shake off any excess water to reveal the design. Let dry. Once dry, remove tape.

Mitchondrial Eve

Sooooo, this is a diagram (from Wikipedia) illustrating the concept behind mitochondrial Eve. Basically, in each of our cells, there is more than just nuclear DNA floating around. There is also DNA present in the mitochondria of all cells. In nuclear DNA, the components originate 50% from both parents; however, with mitochondrial DNA, all of the DNA is traced back to the maternal donor. All mitochondrial DNA in everyone is linked back to their mothers. So with that idea, it can be deduced that if the m.DNA linage is traced back far enough, a single donor of the m.DNA can be found, who scientists have named mitochondrial Eve. All of our m.DNA comes from her, so because of her and many mutations that have occurred to the m.DNA among the years, we have become who we are today.

This article from the PBS network explores with more depth about the topic, including dates as to how long ago can the m.DNA linage be traced.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/neanderthals/mtdna.html

Five different person types that have all originated from mitochondrial Eve include (described by flavors of ice cream :D!):
Frozen Yogurt
Vanilla
Butterscotch
Coffee
Dark Chocolate

Sorry about that, but I really couldn't think of a way to word the types by what region of the world they originate from! Sorry! :)